A pre-shift inspection is the first thing an operator does each shift. It catches problems while they are still small, before they turn into a failure with a load on the hook. Work through the crane in the same order every day so nothing gets skipped. If you find a defect that affects safe operation, tell your supervisor and don't operate the crane until it is fixed.
What to check
- Ground conditions. Is the ground firm enough to carry the crane and the load? Look for soft or settling ground, standing water, and signs of buried utilities. Cribbing or mats under the outriggers must be the right size and in good shape.
- Level. The crane must be level within the limit the manufacturer specifies (commonly within 1 percent). Check the level indicator with the outriggers set.
- Tires or crawlers. Look for correct inflation, cuts, bulges and excessive wear on tires, or damage and loose parts on crawler tracks.
- Cab glass and visibility. Windows should be clean and free of cracks. Check wipers and mirrors.
- Wire rope reeving. Confirm the rope runs on the correct sheaves, is spooling properly on the drum, and is not off a sheave. Check the pins that hold the reeving in place.
- Wire rope condition. Look for broken wires, kinks, flattening or crushing, bird-caging, corrosion and dry rope that needs lubrication.
- Hooks and latches. Check for cracks, twisting or a spread throat, wear, and a safety latch that closes and springs back.
- Fluid levels. Engine oil, coolant, fuel, hydraulic oil and any other fluids the manufacturer lists. Look under the machine for leaks.
- Pressurized lines. Inspect air and hydraulic hoses and fittings for leaks, cuts, cracks, rubbing and deterioration.
- Drive mechanisms. Check clutches, brakes and chains for wear, contamination, adjustment and leaks.
- Controls. Every control should move freely, return properly, be clearly labeled, and work as it should.
- Safety devices and operational aids. Test the anti-two-block device, the load moment indicator, the boom angle indicator, the horn and other alarms. A device that is disconnected or not working is a reason to stop.
- Electrical system. Check lights, wiring and connections for damage, moisture and dirt.
Shutting down and securing the crane
- Set the boom at a safe angle, or stow or retract it (on a telescopic boom crane, stowed or retracted).
- Raise the ball or block to a safe height, clear of people and traffic.
- Engage all brakes and locks.
- Retract or stow the outriggers as the manufacturer requires.
- Take out the key and lock the cab.
This checklist covers the common items. The crane's own operator's manual lists what to inspect on that machine.